Both faculty members and academic librarians express deeply conflicted views about the purpose of repositories, and engagement with repositories varies widely. To what purposes are repositories being put, and what purposes does the community have in mind for them? Is the repository movement just another fad, or is there potential to introduce widespread change? Should repositories be organized on an institutional basis or in some other way? In 2006, Ithaka conducted large-scale nationwide surveys of faculty members and librarians at 4-year academic institutions. This presentation will share some of the most relevant findings, including breakdowns by institutional profile and, among faculty members, discipline, with an emphasis on some of the strategic directions that these findings indicate.